Ntabwo byumvikana uburyo abantu bamwe baherutse gusuzuma indwara yanduye virusi ya monkeypox, cyangwa uburyo ikwirakwira
Haragaragaye izindi ndwara nshya z’inguge z’abantu, ku isi hose hakaba hari raporo nyinshi. Nk'uko ikigo cy’Ubuzima gishinzwe ubuzima mu Bwongereza (UKHSA) kibitangaza, hari ibimenyetso byabanje byerekana ko virusi ya monkeypox ikwirakwizwa mu baturage b’igihugu.Monkeypox ikekwa ko ifite Yatangiriye mu nzoka zo muri Afurika yo Hagati no mu Burengerazuba kandi yanduye abantu inshuro nyinshi. Imanza zo hanze ya Afurika ntizisanzwe kandi kugeza ubu zikaba zaragaragaye ku ngendo zanduye cyangwa ku nyamaswa zitumizwa mu mahanga.
Ku ya 7 Gicurasi, byavuzwe ko umuntu wavaga muri Nijeriya yerekeza mu Bwongereza yanduye monkeypox. Nyuma y'icyumweru, abayobozi bavuze izindi manza ebyiri zabereye i Londres bigaragara ko zidafitanye isano n'iya mbere. Nibura bane muri bo baherutse kumenyekana ko bafite iyi ndwara. ntabwo yari azwiho guhura n’ibibazo bitatu byabanjirije - byerekana urunigi rutazwi rwanduye mu baturage.
Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima ryita ku Buzima, abantu bose banduye mu Bwongereza banduye ishami rya Afurika y'Iburengerazuba rya virusi, ikunda kuba yoroheje kandi ubusanzwe ikemurwa nta kwivuza. Indwara itangirana n'umuriro, kubabara umutwe, kubabara cyane ndetse n'umunaniro.Ubusanzwe, nyuma umunsi umwe kugeza kuri itatu, igisebe kirakura, hamwe nibisebe na pustules bisa nibitera ibicurane, amaherezo bikarenga.
Anne Limoyne, umwarimu w’indwara z’ibyorezo mu ishuri ry’ubuzima rusange rya UCLA Field.Rimoin, umaze imyaka myinshi yiga inguge muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo, yagize ati: "Ni inkuru igenda ihinduka." inzira zanduye abantu? Ese koko iyi ni imanza nshya cyangwa imanza zishaje zimaze kuvumburwa? Ni bangahe muri bo aribo bantu bambere - indwara zandurira ku nyamaswa? Ni bangahe muri bo ari abantu ba kabiri cyangwa ni abantu ku giti cyabo? Amateka y'urugendo ni ayahe? w'uwanduye? Haba hari isano hagati y'izi manza? ”Ndatekereza ko hakiri kare kugira icyo tuvuga.” Rimoin.
Nk’uko UKHSA ibitangaza, benshi mu banduye mu Bwongereza ni abagabo baryamanye n'abagabo kandi banduye iyi ndwara i Londres. Bamwe mu bahanga bemeza ko kwandura bishobora kuba mu baturage, ariko nanone binyuze mu guhura cyane n'abandi bantu, barimo abo mu muryango cyangwa abashinzwe ubuzima. Virusi ikwirakwizwa binyuze mu bitonyanga mu mazuru cyangwa mu kanwa. Irashobora kandi gukwirakwira binyuze mu mazi y’umubiri, nka pustules, n’ibintu bihura nayo. Nyamara, abahanga benshi bavuga ko ari ngombwa kugira ngo umuntu yandure.
Susan Hopkins, umujyanama mukuru w’ubuvuzi wa UKHSA, yavuze ko iri tsinda ry’imanza mu Bwongereza ridasanzwe kandi ridasanzwe. Kuri ubu iki kigo kirimo gukurikirana imibonano y’abantu banduye. Nubwo amakuru yaturutse muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo mu ntangiriro ya za 1980 na hagati ya 2010 yerekanaga ko Umubare w'imyororokere myiza muri kiriya gihe wari 0.3 na 0,6 - bivuze ko buri muntu wanduye yanduye virusi ku bantu batageze kuri umwe muri aya matsinda ku kigereranyo - ni ko hari ibimenyetso byinshi byerekana ko, mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, bishobora gukwirakwira kuva ku muntu kugeza kuri umuntu.Kubera impamvu zitarasobanuka neza, umubare wubwandu nindwara uragenda wiyongera cyane - niyo mpamvu monkeypox ifatwa nkigishobora guhungabanya isi.
Umuyobozi w'ishuri ry’igihugu ry’ubushyuhe, Peter Hotez yagize ati: "Impuguke ntizahise zigaragaza impungenge z’uko icyorezo mpuzamahanga cyagwiriye kubera ko ibintu byari bikomeje kugenda byiyongera." Ntabwo mpangayikishijwe cyane n’uko hashobora kubaho icyorezo kinini mu Burayi cyangwa muri Amerika ya Ruguru. Ubuvuzi muri Baylor College of Medicine. Mu mateka, virusi ahanini yanduye kuva ku nyamaswa kugeza ku bantu, kandi kwanduza abantu ku bantu bisaba ko umuntu ahura cyangwa hafi. ”Ntabwo yandura nka COVID, urugero, cyangwa se yandura nka ibicurane. ”
Yavuze ko ikibazo gikomeye ari ikwirakwizwa rya virusi mu nyamaswa - bishoboka ko ari imbeba - muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo, Nijeriya na Afurika y'Iburengerazuba. ”Niba urebye bimwe mu bibazo byugarije indwara zandura - yaba Ebola cyangwa Nipah cyangwa coronavirusi nk'izitera SARS na COVID-19 ndetse na monkeypox - izi ni Zoonose zitagereranywa, zikwirakwizwa mu nyamaswa zikagera ku bantu. ”
Umubare w'abantu banduye bapfa bazize monkeypox nturamenyekana kubera amakuru adahagije. Amatsinda azwi ni ingaruka z’ubudahangarwa ndetse n’abana, aho kwandura igihe batwite bishobora gutera inda. Ku ishami ry’ikibaya cya Kongo cya virusi, hari amakuru yerekana ko umubare w'abahitanwa na 10% cyangwa birenga, nubwo iperereza riherutse gukorwa ryerekana ko impfu z’abantu bapfa ziri munsi ya 5% .Kutandukanye n’uko abantu hafi ya bose banduye verisiyo y’Afurika y’iburengerazuba barokotse. Mu gihe icyorezo kinini kizwi cyatangiriye muri Nijeriya muri 2017, abantu barindwi barapfuye, byibuze bane muribo bari baracogoye sisitemu yumubiri.
Nta muti wa monkeypox ubwayo, ariko imiti igabanya ubukana cidofovir, brindofovir na tecovir mugenzi we irahari. ibibazo mugihe cyindwara nkizo za virusi. Kera mumasomo yindwara ya monkeypox, indwara irashobora kugabanuka mugukingirwa na monkeypox na ibicurane cyangwa imyiteguro ya antibody yabonetse kubantu bakingiwe. Amerika iherutse gutegeka amamiriyoni yingingo zinkingo gukorwa muri 2023 na 2024 .
Umubare w'abantu banduye mu Bwongereza, hamwe n'ibimenyetso byerekana ko ukomeje kwandura mu bantu bo hanze ya Afurika, bitanga ikimenyetso giheruka cyerekana ko virusi ihindura imyitwarire. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Rimoin na bagenzi be bugaragaza ko umubare w'imanza muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo ushobora kuba ufite yiyongereyeho inshuro 20 hagati ya za 1980 na hagati ya 2000. Nyuma yimyaka mike, virusi yongeye kugaragara mu bihugu byinshi byo muri Afurika y’iburengerazuba: muri Nijeriya, urugero nko muri 2017 habaruwe abantu barenga 550, muri bo bakaba barenga 240 byemejwe, harimo 8 bapfuye.
Impamvu Abanyafurika benshi ubu banduye virusi bikomeje kuba amayobera.Ibintu byateje icyorezo cya Ebola giherutse kwanduza abantu ibihumbi muri Afurika y'Iburengerazuba na Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo, bishobora kuba byaragize uruhare. Abahanga bemeza ko ibintu nko kwiyongera kw'abaturage no gutura cyane hafi y’amashyamba, kimwe no kongera imikoranire n’inyamaswa zishobora kwandura, bifasha gukwirakwiza virusi z’inyamaswa ku bantu.Muri icyo gihe, kubera ubwinshi bw’abaturage, ibikorwa remezo byiza ndetse n’ingendo nyinshi, ubusanzwe virusi ikwirakwira vuba, bikaba bishoboka ko itera indwara mpuzamahanga. .
Ikwirakwizwa ry'inguge muri Afurika y'Iburengerazuba rishobora kandi kwerekana ko virusi yagaragaye mu nyamaswa nshya. Virusi irashobora kwanduza inyamaswa zitandukanye, zirimo imbeba nyinshi, inkende, ingurube, na anteater.Inyamaswa zanduye biroroshye kuyikwirakwiza. ubundi bwoko bw'inyamaswa n'abantu - kandi nicyo cyabaye icyorezo cya mbere hanze ya Afurika.Mu 2003, virusi yinjiye muri Amerika ikoresheje imbeba zo muri Afurika, ari nabwo imbwa zo mu kibaya zanduye zagurishijwe nk'amatungo. Muri icyo cyorezo, abantu benshi muri igihugu cyanduye monkeypox.
Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, muri iki gihe abantu benshi banduye monkeypox, ikintu gikekwa ko ari ingenzi cyane ni ukugabanuka kw’inkingo z’abaturage mu gukingira ibicurane ku isi hose.Urukingo rw’ibicurane rugabanya amahirwe yo kwandura monkeypox ku kigero cya 85% .Nyamara, umubare w’inkingo zitakingiwe. abantu barazamutse kuva aho gahunda yo gukingira ibicurane irangiye, bigatuma monkeypox ishobora kwanduza abantu.Nkigisubizo, umubare w’abantu bandura abantu bose wanduye wavuye kuri kimwe cya gatatu mu myaka ya za 1980 ugera kuri bitatu- gihembwe muri 2007.Ikindi kintu kigira uruhare mu kugabanuka kwinkingo ni uko impuzandengo yimyaka yabantu banduye monkeypox yiyongereye numubare.Igihe kuva gahunda yo gukingira ibicurane irangiye.
Impuguke zo muri Afurika zaburiye ko monkeypox ishobora guhinduka ikava mu karere ka zoonotic ikwirakwizwa mu karere ikajya ku ndwara zandura ku isi hose. Iyi virusi ishobora kuba irimo kuzuza icyorezo cy’ibidukikije ndetse n’ubudahangarwa kimaze gufatwa n’ibicurane, nk'uko Malachy Ifeanyi Okeke wo muri kaminuza y'Abanyamerika ya Nijeriya na bagenzi be banditse mu Impapuro 2020.
Mu kiganiro twagiranye n’ikinyamakuru mu mwaka ushize, Oyewale Tomori yagize ati: "Kugeza ubu, nta gahunda y’isi yose yo gucunga ikwirakwizwa ry’inguge." Ubwongereza. Ibyago ku baturage b’Ubwongereza kugeza ubu byari bike.Ubu, iki kigo kirashaka imanza nyinshi kandi kigakorana n’abafatanyabikorwa mpuzamahanga kugira ngo bamenye niba ayo masoko ameze nk’ibindi bihugu.
Rimoin yagize ati: "Tumaze kumenya imanza, noneho tugomba gukora iperereza ryimbitse kandi tugashakisha amakuru - hanyuma tugakurikirana kugira ngo turwanye rwose iyi virusi ikwirakwira." Iyi virusi ishobora kuba yarakwirakwiriye. igihe runaka mbere yuko abashinzwe ubuzima rusange babibona. ”Ati:" Niba ucana itara mu mwijima, "uzabona ikintu."
Rimoin yongeyeho ko kugeza igihe abahanga bumvise uburyo virusi ikwirakwira, “tugomba gukomeza ibyo dusanzwe tuzi, ariko twicishije bugufi - wibuke ko izo virusi zishobora guhinduka no guhinduka.”
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-25-2022